Understanding Cold Sores – Causes, Symptoms & Prevention
Cold sores are common but highly contagious. They start with tingling or itching, quickly developing into painful blisters and ulcers. While they usually heal within 10 to 14 days, the virus stays in the body and can reactivate at any time. Knowing how to manage symptoms, prevent spreading and reduce triggers is key to keeping cold sores under control.
What are cold sores?
Cold sores are small, painful blisters caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). They usually appear on the lips, around the mouth or near the nostrils, but can also affect other areas.
What are the symptoms of a cold sore?
The first signs are tingling, burning, or itching, followed by the appearance of painful blisters within 24 hours. These blisters then break down into shallow ulcers and usually heal within 10 to 14 days.
How are cold sores spread?
Cold sores are contagious from the first tingling stage until the ulcer has completely healed. They spread through:
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Direct contact (touching or kissing)
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Sharing cups, cutlery, towels, or other personal items
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Touching a cold sore and then touching other areas, like your eyes or face
Why do cold sores keep coming back?
Once you’ve had a cold sore, the virus stays dormant in your nerves and can reactivate at any time. Common triggers include stress, fatigue, illness, strong sunlight, UV light (sunbeds), hormonal changes like menstruation or pregnancy and generally feeling run down.
Are cold sores a serious health problem?
In most cases, cold sores are mild, but the virus can cause more serious issues like:
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Eye infections (herpes keratitis), which can lead to blindness
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Cold sores on the fingers
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Genital herpes if spread
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Serious complications for people with eczema or weakened immune systems
